Ch. 3-5


Lipids


Large molecules
	Many C-H bonds	
	Energy is stored in C-H bonds
	Non-polar
Functions
	Long-term energy storage molecule
	Insulate
		Whale blubber
		Camel hump
	Waterproof
		Tops of leaves
		Earwax (prevents swimmer's ear)
	Chemical messages
		Hormones
Structure
	Fatty Acids
		Long carbon chains
		Carboxyl head
		Polar
			Hydrophilic(water-loving)
		Tail
		Non-polar
			Hydrophobic (water fearing)
		Types
			Unsaturated
				One or more double bonds
					Kinks the fatty acid chain
				Liquid (oil)
				Found in plants
				Polyunsaturated
					Many double bonds
			Saturated
				No double bonds
				Solids
				Made by animals
	Glycerol
		3 carbon sugar-alcohol
		Backbone of fats and oils
			Up to 3 fatty acids attached
		Triglyceride
			1 glycerol
			3 fatty acids
		Monoglyceride
			1 glycerol
			1 fatty acid
		Diglyceride
			Phospholipids
				1 glycerol
				2 fatty acids
					Tails
					hydrophobic (non-polar)
				1 phosphate
					PO4
					Polar (hydrophilic)
					Head
				Form the cell membrane of living things
					Lipid bilayer
			Glycolipids
				1 glycerol
				2 fatty acids
				1 short polysaccharide chain
				Also found in cell membrane
					Form cell marker
			Wax
				Large
				Enormously long carbon chains make up the fatty acids
					Saturated
				Waterproof
			Steroids
				Carbon rings
				Non-polar
					i.e.
						cholesterol
						testosterone
						estrogen






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