Ch. 3-2
Carbon Compounds

Carbon Bonding
	Carbon-4 electrons in outer level
	Can bond with more other atoms than any other element
	Can bond with itself to form:
		Straight chains  (i.e. butane)
		Branched chains (i.e. isobutene)
		Rings
	Light
Organic Compound
	Any compound that is produced by or part of a living thing
	Always contains carbon
Functional groups
	2/+ atoms bonded together that function as a single atom
	Clusters of atoms
	Influence properties of molecules they compose
	Structural building blocks
	Determine characteristics of compounds
	i.e. hydroxyl group
		(_OH)
		Sugars and alcohols
	have no charge
	alcohol
		organic comp. w/ a hydroxyl group attached to one of its carbon atoms
		polar
		properties similar to water b/c of hydrogen bonds
			ethanol-causes cell death in liver and in brain
			methanol- causes blindness, death
			glycerol- necessary to assemble certain molecules
	(_C=O)
		Carbonyl group
		Sugars, lipids(fats and oils)
	Amino acids
		(_COOH)
			Carboxyl
			Acid
		(_NH2)
			Amino
			base
Large carbon molecules
	Built from smaller, simpler molecules(monomers)
	Monomers bond to one another and form polymers
		Monomer-repeating subunit
	Polymers consist of repeated linked units
		?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?
		string of monomers bonded together
	Large polymers- macro polymers
	Monomers link to form polymers through condensation reactions
	Breakdown of polymers-hydrolysis(reversal of condensation reaction)
		Adding water to some complex molecules sometimes breaks them down
Energy Currency
	Life processes require constant supply of energy
	Available in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
		Breaking covalent bonds releases energy
	Dehydration Synthesis(condensation)
		H-?-OH   H-?-OH
		H-?-?-OH   H2O
		H-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-OH
		Synthesis-to make
	Hydrolysis
		Lysis-to split
		i.e. digestion
		the process of splitting water to break polymers into monomers





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