Ch. 3-3


Carbohydrates


-sugars and starches
-carbo-carbon(1)
-hydra-hydrogen(2)
-ates-oxygen(1)

Monosaccharides
	-simple sugars
	3-7carbons
	3C(6H 3O) Triose
	5C(10H 5O) Pentose
	6C(12H 6O) Hexose
		C6H12O6
		Isomers:
			Glucose
				Honey
				GLUCOSE IS CELLULAR FOOD!!!
			Galactose
				Milk
			Fructose
				Fruit
Disaccharides
	2 monosaccharides bonded together by dehydration synthesis
		  C6H12O6
		+ C6H12O6
		
		  C12H24O12
		-       H2O
		C12H22O11
	i.e.
		Sucrose
			Table sugar
			Glucose + fructose
		Lactose
			Milk sugar
			Glucose + galactose
		Maltose
			Found in grains
			Glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides
	3 or more monosaccharides bonded together by dehydration synthesis
	2 forms
		Storage Polysaccharides
			Store extra sugars
			Animals
				stored in glycogen
					Made of glucose
					Branched molecule
				Stored in liver & muscles
			Plants
				Stored in starch
					Made of glucose
					Branched molecule
				Stored in roots
				Amylose-type of starch
					Found in crackers, potatoes, pasta, bread
					Amylase
						Found in saliva
						Enzyme that digests amylose
		Structural Polysaccharides
			Cellulose
				Most abundant organic molecule on Earth
				Makes up cell walls of plants
				Many glucoses
				Chain
				Gives strength and rigidity to plant
			Chitin
				Glucoses and proteins
				Exoskeletons of arthropods
				Cell walls of fungi






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